Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: In Ayurvedic physiology, the integrity of Agni (digestive fire) is essential for maintaining health. Impairment of Jatharagni leads to the formation of Āma, a toxic and incompletely metabolized substance characterized by guru (heavy) and picchila (sticky) properties. Āma accumulates in Dhatus (tissues) and obstructs Srotas (body channels), resulting in Srotodushti. When this pathology affects Pranavaha Srotas (respiratory channels), it manifests as respiratory disorders such as Tamaka Shwasa (bronchial asthma). Modern biomedical research describes a similar interaction through the gut–lung axis, where gut microbial imbalance influences pulmonary immunity and inflammation.
Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched along with classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. Keywords included Ama, Jatharagni, Pranavaha Srotas, Srotodushti, and gut–lung axis. Relevant peer-reviewed studies, reviews, and Ayurvedic conceptual analyses were selected.
Results: Classical Ayurvedic literature attributes respiratory disorders to systemic spread of Āma arising from impaired digestion, leading to obstruction of Pranavaha Srotas and symptoms like dyspnea, wheezing, and cough. Modern studies show that gut dysbiosis alters immune responses via microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, affecting cytokine production, T-cell differentiation, and airway inflammation. Increased intestinal permeability and endotoxemia further promote pulmonary inflammation.
Discussion:
The Ayurvedic concept of Āma-mediated Srotodushti parallels the modern gut–lung axis model. Both frameworks highlight digestive dysfunction as a contributor to systemic immune imbalance and respiratory pathology. Integrating these perspectives may aid in identifying biomarkers of Āma, gut dysbiosis, and inflammatory mediators, encouraging future interdisciplinary research and integrative therapeutic approaches.