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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive impairment and neuropathological hallmarks such as amyloid-beta plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle formation. Despite advances in understanding AD pathogenesis, effective disease-modifying therapies remain limited. Phyllanthus amarus, a medicinal plant known for its rich lignan content, has demonstrated notable neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the disease-modifying potential of lignans isolated from Phyllanthus amarus in experimental models of AD. Lignans were extracted and characterized, followed by comprehensive in vitro and in vivo assessments to determine their effects on AD-related pathological mechanisms. The results indicated that the isolated lignans significantly inhibited amyloid-beta aggregation, reduced neuroinflammatory responses, and enhanced neuronal survival. Additionally, administration of these lignans improved cognitive performance in AD-induced mouse models. Collectively, the findings highlight the promising therapeutic potential of Phyllanthus amarus-derived lignans as disease-modifying agents in Alzheimer’s disease. This study supports the growing interest in plant-based bioactive compounds as viable candidates for the development of novel interventions for neurodegenerative disorders.