A Review on the Anti-Ulcer Activity of Ipomoea obscura with Special Emphasis on its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile

Abstract

Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl., widely known as obscure morning glory, is a Convolvulaceae species traditionally employed in India and other tropical regions for gastrointestinal ailments. Phytochemical studies reveal the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids, oxalates and phytates, which collectively exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. These properties correspond with gastroprotective mechanisms such as oxidative stress reduction, suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, enhancement of mucosal defences and potential inhibition of Helicobacter pylori. Ayurvedic records highlight its use in ulcers, wounds, haemorrhoids and respiratory disorders, supporting its ethnomedicinal value. Experimental evidence demonstrates notable antioxidant potential in both fresh and dried leaf extracts, with dried preparations exhibiting superior free-radical scavenging capacity. Despite encouraging pharmacological attributes, no clinical studies have yet validated its efficacy in peptic ulcer therapy as of September 2025. Addressing research gaps including mechanistic pathways, dose standardisation, in vivo models and toxicological assessment remains crucial to advance I. obscura as a credible contender for anti-ulcer interventions.